| DAO | Decentralized Autonomous Organization |
| dApp | Decentralized Application; an application built on a decentralized network that combines a smart contract and a frontend user interface |
| DePIN | Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks; blockchain networks that use tokens to incentivise communities to build physical infrastructure networks |
| DEX | Decentralized Exchange |
| Layer 0 | A network framework running beneath a blockchain forming the foundation of a blockchain ecosystem |
| Layer 1 | An underlying protocol providing a foundation for a blockchain; Examples: Bitcoin & Ethereum |
| Layer 2 | A scaling solution enabling high throughput of transactions while inheriting the security of the underlying blockchain it is built (or settled) on |
| mApp | Mix-net compatible application |
| Merkle Proof | A compact way to prove that a specific piece of information is part of a larger collection, ensuring its reliability without revealing all the details |
| Merkle Tree | A hash-based data structure used for efficient data verification in distributed systems, secret sharing, and ZKPs involving the partial reveal of a commited value |
| mix-net | Mix Network; a traffic analysis resistant communications protocol |
| PII | Personally-Identifying Information |
| Smart Contract | A decentralized computer program running on a blockchain network that automatically and deterministically executes agreements based on predefined conditions |
| UUID | Universally Unique Identifier |
| validium | A blockchain scaling solution that enforces integrity of transactions using validity proofs like ZK-rollups, but doesn’t store transaction data on-chain |
| ZK | Zero-Knowledge; a cryptographic utility enabling a party to prove to another that they possess certain knowledge without revealing the actual information itself |
| zkApp | ZK Application (ZK-dApp); a decentralized application (dApp) using ZK for privacy and security |
| zkAppChain | Interoperable application-specific blockchain(s) using ZK for privacy, security, and scale |
| ZKP | Zero-Knowledge Proof |